ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAWS IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Why Artificial Intelligence?

Also called AI , is the human intelligence imitated by machines. It is used in electronic devices, computer systems , robotics, science, education, military, healthcare, surveillance , media and entertainment and many more. It can perform multiple tasks on one command seamlessly and is artificially created for exercising cognitive functions. The usage of different chatbots such as Siri, Google Alexa today,  is possible because of Artificial intelligence.

Background

Modernization of technology took a hold of philosophers and scientists and made them envision a rise of an era that witnesses human - like interactions with machines.

•  In 1950, an English Mathematician and pioneer of machine learning, Alan Turing heralded a landmark paper hypothesising the idea of devising machines that think.
• A Turing test was also proposed to confirm if machines and computers can think like humans or not.
• The word ‘Artificial Intelligence’ was first adopted by an American Computer Scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference.
• 1st AI Laboratory MIT AI Lab was set up in 1959 and then the research on Artificial Intelligence was started.
• General Motors Robot introduced the first robot in 1960.
• The first AI chatbot , Alizeh was introduced in 1961.
• WABOT-1 was the first intelligent humanoid robot created in Japan in 1972.
• In the year of 1980, the first National Conference of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence was held.

Laws Related to AI in India

There are no statutory laws for Artificial intelligence but the lawmakers aspire to do that for its growth and protection in the upcoming future. However, because of the advancement of technology and rapid adaptation of Artificial Intelligence by society , few provisions are considered that work with AI.

1. Information and Technology Act of 2000

Particular provisions of the act are related to AI , such as Section 43 A of the act enables compensation in case of breach of data privacy resulting from negligent handling of personal information.

• Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019

This introduces principles and obligations for entities processing personal data, including consent, purpose limitation, data localization, and accountability.

• Indian Copyright Act , 1957

The rise of AI - generated content has raised concerns for copyright ownership and infringement liability so this act safeguards original literacy, musical, and dramatic works, granting exclusive rights to creators and prohibiting unauthorised use or replication.

• National E- Governance Plan

This seeks to digitally empower Indian society by providing online government services. AI plays an essential role for enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of e-governance.Various government departments have integrated AI systems to automate processes, improve decision-making, and enhance citizen services.

• AIRAWAT

Its full form is the Artificial Intelligence Research, Analytics and Knowledge Assimilation platform , proposed by NITI AYOG. A cloud Computing Platform launched to create more efficiency and scope of the common infrastructure around the world.

Opportunities to AI in India

Ever since, Artificial Intelligence has paved its way into the world, they say, the future is AI. Nobody could have ever thought that in less than a century, technology could modernise at such a pace and widen its scope to this extent thereby. With the advent of AI , the ambit of career opportunities for students has broadened. It's a new field of discipline that has sparked interest in many students. Several job opportunities are there that help the aspirants to choose from. Some of them are listed below.

• Machine learning engineer: Machine learning is one of the highly recognised subshells of Artificial Intelligence wherein one can develop  self running softwares.
• Product Manager: This could require one to create a plan of action for the troubles relating to AI devices.
• Data Scientist: The individual is required to analyse the data , identify the issues and draw a rational inference.
• Specialist in Robotics: This job asks the individual to understand the very basis of robotics and careful use of the strategies to solve the problems in devices of this kind.
• Business Intelligence Developer: This field allows one to implement the programming languages such as python, MySQL, Java, and business intelligence tools , writing databases and debug softwares that help in inferring meaningful insights from the data.

Though, there is an abundance of opportunities that has widened the mindset of the public for choosing one's career field. Yet, having a degree , specialising in a particular field, and giving this field of study  time , discipline and experience could be helpful  for aspiring minds to reap a successful career.

Challenges to AI in India

With the advancement of technology, Artificial Intelligence has developed rapidly and has potential to occupy a huge space in almost every sector in the future. But with that, comes up the challenges also for implementation of such progressive innovation.

• Data privacy: Many organisations and companies use the data from other sources that leads to exploitation of personal information.
• Costly Supercomputers: The demand for human -like machines also asks for the finest of the systems that enable efficiency. Such devices are expensive and cannot be accessible to everyone.
• Widened Gap of knowledge: Correct knowledge is required to create the machines using Artificial Intelligence and so only the learned individuals are capable of doing so.
• Displacement: Common people fear that subsequently , Artificial Intelligence could replace human beings possibly. Thus, the tasks that humans perform for, will be carried on by machines and systems that work just like humans.
• Trust issues: People who do not have access to proper education that provides them with the knowledge regarding ahead of time technologies like Artificial Intelligence , are always less aware about the advantages and futuristic approach of the same and thereby , they lack trust in the modern technology world.
• Updates: Artificial Intelligence, still machines, need an update. It only stores the data which is put in it. So that could be a hectic task as well.
• Usage: Some people do not know how to use AI and so they start to be ignorant of it and never really learn its importance.

Artificial intelligence is truly a revolution in the history of technology and understanding its importance could be very beneficial for our society. However, there is an urgent need to look for the loopholes of this tool to reform the technology time and time again. Identifying the realms where Artificial Intelligence could provide best of the benefits to the world and implementing proper strategies that could ease out the functioning of AI.